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<article class="doc">
<div class="admonitionblock important">
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<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p> For the latest stable version, please use <a href="../../../features/integrations/concurrency.html">Spring Security 5.6.3</a>!</p>
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</div>
<h1 id="page-title" class="page">Concurrency Support</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In most environments, Security is stored on a per <code>Thread</code> basis.
This means that when work is done on a new <code>Thread</code>, the <code>SecurityContext</code> is lost.
Spring Security provides some infrastructure to help make this much easier for users.
Spring Security provides low level abstractions for working with Spring Security in multi-threaded environments.
In fact, this is what Spring Security builds on to integration with <a href="../../servlet/integrations/servlet-api.html#servletapi-start-runnable" class="xref page">AsyncContext.start(Runnable)</a> and <a href="../../servlet/integrations/mvc.html#mvc-async" class="xref page">Spring MVC Async Integration</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_delegatingsecuritycontextrunnable"><a class="anchor" href="concurrency.html#_delegatingsecuritycontextrunnable"></a>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>One of the most fundamental building blocks within Spring Security&#8217;s concurrency support is the <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code>.
It wraps a delegate <code>Runnable</code> in order to initialize the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> with a specified <code>SecurityContext</code> for the delegate.
It then invokes the delegate Runnable ensuring to clear the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> afterwards.
The <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code> looks something like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock primary">
<div class="title">Java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">public void run() {
try {
	SecurityContextHolder.setContext(securityContext);
	delegate.run();
} finally {
	SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock secondary">
<div class="title">Kotlin</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-kotlin hljs" data-lang="kotlin">fun run() {
    try {
        SecurityContextHolder.setContext(securityContext)
        delegate.run()
    } finally {
        SecurityContextHolder.clearContext()
    }
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>While very simple, it makes it seamless to transfer the SecurityContext from one Thread to another.
This is important since, in most cases, the SecurityContextHolder acts on a per Thread basis.
For example, you might have used Spring Security&#8217;s <a href="../../servlet/appendix/namespace.html#nsa-global-method-security" class="xref page">&lt;global-method-security&gt;</a> support to secure one of your services.
You can now easily transfer the <code>SecurityContext</code> of the current <code>Thread</code> to the <code>Thread</code> that invokes the secured service.
An example of how you might do this can be found below:</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock primary">
<div class="title">Java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">Runnable originalRunnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
	// invoke secured service
}
};

SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.getContext();
DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable wrappedRunnable =
	new DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable(originalRunnable, context);

new Thread(wrappedRunnable).start();</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock secondary">
<div class="title">Kotlin</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-kotlin hljs" data-lang="kotlin">val originalRunnable = Runnable {
    // invoke secured service
}
val context: SecurityContext = SecurityContextHolder.getContext()
val wrappedRunnable = DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable(originalRunnable, context)

Thread(wrappedRunnable).start()</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The code above performs the following steps:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Creates a <code>Runnable</code> that will be invoking our secured service.
Notice that it is not aware of Spring Security</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Obtains the <code>SecurityContext</code> that we wish to use from the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> and initializes the <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use the <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code> to create a Thread</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Start the Thread we created</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Since it is quite common to create a <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code> with the <code>SecurityContext</code> from the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> there is a shortcut constructor for it.
The following code is the same as the code above:</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock primary">
<div class="title">Java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">Runnable originalRunnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
	// invoke secured service
}
};

DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable wrappedRunnable =
	new DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable(originalRunnable);

new Thread(wrappedRunnable).start();</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock secondary">
<div class="title">Kotlin</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-kotlin hljs" data-lang="kotlin">val originalRunnable = Runnable {
    // invoke secured service
}

val wrappedRunnable = DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable(originalRunnable)

Thread(wrappedRunnable).start()</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The code we have is simple to use, but it still requires knowledge that we are using Spring Security.
In the next section we will take a look at how we can utilize <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code> to hide the fact that we are using Spring Security.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_delegatingsecuritycontextexecutor"><a class="anchor" href="concurrency.html#_delegatingsecuritycontextexecutor"></a>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the previous section we found that it was easy to use the <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code>, but it was not ideal since we had to be aware of Spring Security in order to use it.
Let&#8217;s take a look at how <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code> can shield our code from any knowledge that we are using Spring Security.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The design of <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code> is very similar to that of <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code> except it accepts a delegate <code>Executor</code> instead of a delegate <code>Runnable</code>.
You can see an example of how it might be used below:</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock primary">
<div class="title">Java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
Authentication authentication =
	new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken("user","doesnotmatter", AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList("ROLE_USER"));
context.setAuthentication(authentication);

SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor delegateExecutor =
	new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor();
DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor executor =
	new DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor(delegateExecutor, context);

Runnable originalRunnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
	// invoke secured service
}
};

executor.execute(originalRunnable);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock secondary">
<div class="title">Kotlin</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-kotlin hljs" data-lang="kotlin">val context: SecurityContext = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext()
val authentication: Authentication =
    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken("user", "doesnotmatter", AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList("ROLE_USER"))
context.authentication = authentication

val delegateExecutor = SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor()
val executor = DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor(delegateExecutor, context)

val originalRunnable = Runnable {
    // invoke secured service
}

executor.execute(originalRunnable)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The code performs the following steps:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Creates the <code>SecurityContext</code> to be used for our <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code>.
Note that in this example we simply create the <code>SecurityContext</code> by hand.
However, it does not matter where or how we get the <code>SecurityContext</code> (i.e. we could obtain it from the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> if we wanted).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Creates a delegateExecutor that is in charge of executing submitted <code>Runnable</code>s</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finally we create a <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code> which is in charge of wrapping any Runnable that is passed into the execute method with a <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code>.
It then passes the wrapped Runnable to the delegateExecutor.
In this instance, the same <code>SecurityContext</code> will be used for every Runnable submitted to our <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code>.
This is nice if we are running background tasks that need to be run by a user with elevated privileges.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>At this point you may be asking yourself "How does this shield my code of any knowledge of Spring Security?" Instead of creating the <code>SecurityContext</code> and the <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code> in our own code, we can inject an already initialized instance of <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock primary">
<div class="title">Java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">@Autowired
private Executor executor; // becomes an instance of our DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor

public void submitRunnable() {
Runnable originalRunnable = new Runnable() {
	public void run() {
	// invoke secured service
	}
};
executor.execute(originalRunnable);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock secondary">
<div class="title">Kotlin</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-kotlin hljs" data-lang="kotlin">@Autowired
lateinit var executor: Executor // becomes an instance of our DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor

fun submitRunnable() {
    val originalRunnable = Runnable {
        // invoke secured service
    }
    executor.execute(originalRunnable)
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now our code is unaware that the <code>SecurityContext</code> is being propagated to the <code>Thread</code>, then the <code>originalRunnable</code> is run, and then the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> is cleared out.
In this example, the same user is being used to run each thread.
What if we wanted to use the user from <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> at the time we invoked <code>executor.execute(Runnable)</code> (i.e. the currently logged in user) to process <code>originalRunnable</code>?
This can be done by removing the <code>SecurityContext</code> argument from our <code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code> constructor.
For example:</p>
</div>
<div class="exampleblock">
<div class="content">
<div class="listingblock primary">
<div class="title">Java</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor delegateExecutor = new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor();
DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor executor =
	new DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor(delegateExecutor);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock secondary">
<div class="title">Kotlin</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-kotlin hljs" data-lang="kotlin">val delegateExecutor = SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor()
val executor = DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor(delegateExecutor)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now anytime <code>executor.execute(Runnable)</code> is executed the <code>SecurityContext</code> is first obtained by the <code>SecurityContextHolder</code> and then that <code>SecurityContext</code> is used to create our <code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code>.
This means that we are running our <code>Runnable</code> with the same user that was used to invoke the <code>executor.execute(Runnable)</code> code.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_spring_security_concurrency_classes"><a class="anchor" href="concurrency.html#_spring_security_concurrency_classes"></a>Spring Security Concurrency Classes</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Refer to the Javadoc for additional integrations with both the Java concurrent APIs and the Spring Task abstractions.
They are quite self-explanatory once you understand the previous code.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextCallable</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutor</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextExecutorService</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextRunnable</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextScheduledExecutorService</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextSchedulingTaskExecutor</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextAsyncTaskExecutor</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextTaskExecutor</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DelegatingSecurityContextTaskScheduler</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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